Truman , the 33rd U. In the White House from to , Truman made the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan, helped rebuild postwar Europe, worked to contain communism and led the United States into the Korean War A Missouri native, Truman assisted in running his family farm after high school and served in World War I He began his political career in as a county judge in Missouri and was elected to the U.
Senate in Three months after becoming vice president in , the plain-spoken Truman ascended to the presidency.
In , he was reelected in an upset over Republican Thomas Dewey After leaving office, Truman spent his remaining two decades in Independence, Missouri, where he established his presidential library. Truman was born on May 8, , in the farm community of Lamar, Missouri , to John Truman , a livestock trader, and Martha Young Truman In , the Trumans settled in Independence, Missouri, where Harry attended school and was a strong student. As a child, he had to wear thick eyeglasses due to poor vision, and his doctor advised him not to play sports in order to avoid breaking them.
Truman had hoped to attend the U. During this time, Truman also served in the Missouri National Guard. He saw action in several campaigns and was promoted to captain of his artillery unit. The Trumans had one daughter, Mary Margaret Truman , who grew up to become a professional singer and author of biographies and mystery novels. Earning a reputation for efficiency and integrity, he was reelected in In , Truman was elected to the U. Commonly known as the Truman Committee, it saved American taxpayers millions of dollars and propelled Truman into the national spotlight.
In , as Roosevelt sought an unprecedented fourth term as president, Truman was selected as his running mate, replacing Vice President Henry Wallace , a divisive figure in the Democratic Party.
Less than three months later, on April 12, , the president died suddenly of a cerebral hemorrhage at age Upon assuming the presidency, Harry Truman, who had met privately with Roosevelt only a few times before his death and had never been informed by the president about the construction of the atomic bomb, faced a series of monumental challenges and decisions.
Army Air Force. Second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan on 9 August. V-J Day. Atomic Energy Commission. Steel and the United Steel Workers union be settled by an A walkout was not prevented, but it and most major strikes in were settled on the basis of an Ickes as secretary of the interior.
Ickes, who left the cabinet in protest against proposed appointment of Edwin W. Pauley as under secretary of the navy, was replaced by Julius Krug on 18 March.
He hoped to enact a broad program of domestic reforms including national health insurance, public housing, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education. However, little of what he called the "Fair Deal" was ever made law. Instead, his second term was dominated by events overseas that altered America's foreign policy and domestic life in fundamental ways. He was elected judge, which was an administrative rather than a judicial position, but he was defeated when he ran for a second term.
Truman ran again in and was elected as a presiding judge, a position he held until he ran for senator. Truman was elected to the United States Senate in Along with Senator Burton Wheeler, Truman began investigating railroads, and in , he initiated legislation that imposed tighter federal regulation on the railroads, which helped him establish his reputation as a man of integrity. In his second term, Truman chaired a special committee to investigate the National Defense Program to prevent war profiteering and wasteful spending in defense industries.
He gained public support and recognition for his straightforward reports and practical recommendations, and he won the respect of his colleagues and the populace alike. When Roosevelt had to choose a running mate for the presidential election, he deemed his acting vice president, Henry Wallace, unacceptable.
Wallace was disliked by many of the senior Democrats in Washington, and since it was apparent that Roosevelt might not survive his fourth term, the vice presidential pick was especially important. Truman was initially reluctant to accept, but once he received the nomination, he campaigned vigorously. Roosevelt and Truman were elected in November , and Truman took the oath of office on January 20, He served as vice president just 82 days before Roosevelt died of a massive stroke, and he was sworn in as president on April 12, With no prior experience in foreign policy, Truman was thrust into the role of commander in chief and charged with ending a world war.
Although the Soviet Union had been a powerful ally to the United States during the war, international relations deteriorated quickly when it became apparent that the Soviets intended to remain in control of Eastern European nations that were expected to be reestablished according to their pre- Hitler governments.
This, along with the exclusion of the Soviets from the reconstruction of Asia, began the Cold War. The final outcome was a win for Truman with Harry Truman holds up the newspaper cover that falsely predicted his defeat. The program was a mixed success.
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