Then in , in a move unprecedented amongst French colonial possessions, it was made another French department or province different from most of its colonies. This ended victoriously in , when Algeria became an independent republic. This was after a Years of French rule. An exodus of one million French settlers then occurred. The introduction of Islam and Arabic had a profound impact on North Africa. The new religion and language introduced changes in social and economic relations, established links with a rich culture, and provided a powerful idiom of political discourse and organization.
It is, moreover, one of the last witnesses which attest to the physical extension of Casbah of Algiers to the sea during the Ottoman period. In , the French invaded Algeria, capturing the capital port city of Algiers and by , Algeria became a French colony. In , it was declared by the French constitution of to be an integral part of French territory, a french Department, and divided into three French departments Algiers, Oran and Constantine.
The French faced many oppositions. After the first World War and collective awareness, the resistance started to be organized by the:. Creation of political partis. It was the first to call for Algerian independence.
After the second world war, an important event will mark the beginning of the end of the French colonization. More than 20 thousands Algerians were killed by the French forces. Back to country selector. United States. BBC News. CBS News. CNN World. More news. Executive President Appointment Elected by direct vote. Powers Head of State Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces Presiding over the Council of Ministers Dismissing the Government Signing presidential decrees Granting pardons Proposing referendums Ratifying treaties Appointing civilian and military employees Legislating by ordinance when Parliament is not in session Signing and vetoing legislation Declaring war on consultation with the Presidents of Parliament.
Removal Upon end of 5 year term Upon death, resignation, or incapacitation, to be replaced by the President of the Council of the Nation by two-thirds vote of the Parliament for no more than 45 days. Prime Minister Appointment Appointed by the President. Legislative Parliament Appointment Elected by direct vote.
Powers Adopting legislation concerning fundamental rights, personal status and family law, nationality, judicial organization, civil and criminal procedure, and national budgets. Council of the Nation Appointment Two-thirds elected by regional councils One-thirds appointed by the President. Powers Adopting legislation as proposed by the Prime Minister or at least 20 of its own members Voting on motions to censure the Government by a two-thirds majority vote Overriding a Presidential veto by two-thirds vote.
Removal Upon the end of 5 year term may be prolonged. Powers Supreme Court Regulates all activity by the courts and tribunals Council of State regulates all administrative issues Ensuring judicial integrity and independence. Removal Upon the end of 6 year term, unless term is renewed and not a member appointed by the President. Voices from the field. More voices from the field. Related resources Draft Constitution.
Resources Voices from the field About ConstitutionNet. Share this article. Get the latest updates And sign up for our newsletter. Berber concessions.
Image source, Getty Images. Scores of people were killed during Berber protests in Kabylie in Rise of al-Qaeda. President Bouteflika's re-election bid spawned a protest movement called Barakat, meaning "Enough". President Bouteflika's health deteriorated in his last years in office.
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