Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Oh MS, Briefel G. Evaluation of renal function, water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; chap The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.
A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited. Information developed by A.
Please discuss with your doctor any questions or concerns you may have. Medical Tests. You may also have a blood urea nitrogen BUN test. If your BUN level is high, it's a sign that your kidneys may not be working as they should. You may also have other tests to see how much protein is leaking from your kidneys into your urine.
You may also have an ultrasound, computed tomography CT scan, or other imaging test done of your kidneys. Test results may vary depending on your age, sex, health history, the method used for the test, and other things.
Your test results may not mean you have a problem. Ask your healthcare provider what your test results mean for you. The range for a normal test result depends on your age and gender. For adults younger than 40, normal levels are in these ranges:. Creatinine clearance rates go down as you age. For every decade after age 40, a normal test result is 6. An abnormal creatinine clearance rate may mean you have a problem with your kidneys.
Or it may mean a problem somewhere else in your body is affecting blood flow to the kidneys. For the blood sample, a needle is used to draw blood from a vein in your arm or hand. For a hour urine test, you must collect all of your urine for 24 hours.
Two simple tests for kidney disease. Skip to main content. You are here Home » A to Z » Creatinine. What is creatinine? What is a normal level of creatinine? That depends on your age, race, gender, and body size.
Can my healthcare provider know if my kidneys are working properly by looking at how much creatinine is in my blood? You may have kidney disease if your GFR number is: Below 60 for three months Above 60 with signs of kidney damage having protein in the urine is a sign of kidney damage Do I need any other tests? COVID patients can become kidney patients. In addition, the MHRA advises that CrCl should be used as an estimate of renal function for direct-acting oral anticoagulants DOACs , and drugs with a narrow therapeutic index that are mainly renally excreted.
If dose adjustment based on CrCl is important and no advice is provided in the relevant BNF drug monograph, prescribers should consult product literature. Caution is advised when using eGFR or CrCl to estimate renal function during AKI, as serum creatinine levels lag behind the development of the injury and progress of recovery.
As creatinine rises, estimates of GFR will overestimate renal function and as creatinine falls and kidney function improves, estimates of GFR will underestimate renal function. This should be considered when using estimates of renal function to inform dose adjustments. Renally excreted drugs or those that can cause renal impairment may require dose reduction or temporary discontinuation. For further information on acute kidney injury, see Think Kidneys www.
For prescribing in patients who have received a renal transplant or who are on renal replacement therapy peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis , consult specialist literature. Direct measure of Glomerular filtration rate GFR using plasma or urinary clearance is considered the best overall index of renal function. However, this is difficult to do in practice.
As an alternative, the estimated Glomerular filtration rate eGFR based on serum creatinine is used to assess renal function. Various equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate exist, however there is no compelling evidence to support the superiority of any given method for drug dosing in all patient populations or clinical situations. There is also insufficient evidence to provide definitive guidance about dosage adjustment of all drugs in patients with reduced renal function.
Therefore, an understanding of drug pharmacokinetics is necessary in order to make appropriate dosing decisions.
0コメント