Central and North Asia, A. The Eastern Mediterranean, — A. Egypt and North Africa, — A. Egypt and North Africa, A. Egypt, — A. Iberian Peninsula, — A. Iran Persia , — A. Iran, — A. Iran, A. Iraq Mesopotamia , — A. Iraq, — A. South Asia and the Himalayan Region, — A. South Asia and the Himalayan Region, A. South Asia, — A. South Asia: North, — A. South Asia: South, — A.
Southeast Asia, — A. Southeast Asia, A. Keywords 10th Century A. In mosques, where a wealth of these geometric patterns could be found, one could contemplate the infinite nature of God simply by looking at the walls or ceiling. Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, and Figure 9 are examples of triangle and square grids and produced patterns adopted from 11 :. Escher became fascinated by the regular division of the plane in when he first visited the Alhambra, a fourteenth-century Moorish castle in Granada, Spain.
He then studied Polya's seventeen plane symmetry groups, thirteen of which are displayed in the Alhambra , and Haag's mathematical definition of the division of the regular plane Like many Islamic artists, Escher believed that repetitive patterns indicated a higher source of knowledge that existed before mankind. Escher studied, took detailed notes, and made sketches of the tile patterns at the Alhambra.
In his writings, he described his fascination with the double use of contours and divisions of the plane as follows:. In the Alhambra, in Spain, especially, they decorated the walls by placing congruent multicolored pieces of majolica together without interstices. In his later work, Escher used genuine techniques devised from triangular and square grids, applying reflections, translations, and rotations to obtain great variety of patterns in his tessellations.
The simple trick of modifying the grids utilized in Islamic art to ensure the perfect fit of patterns, which Escher used in his tessellations, is demonstrated below:.
Figure 13 a utilizes a diamond pattern by converting it to a man applying a rotation of In Figure 13 c , Escher was able to take the I-Bar pattern and adapt it to the totally dissimilar motifs of angels and devils. Although a circle is depicted, the patterns theoretically reach an infinitive number of repetitions on the border. In conclusion, Escher is a world-famous graphic artist, well-known for his impossible structures and transformation prints.
He is one of the unique figures appreciated for his ability to apply his mathematical talent in artistic creation. He was strongly influenced by the Islamic patterns in the Alhambra — a fourteenth century palace in Spain. He developed his extraordinary style and mastered his skills after exploring the tessellation techniques Islamic artists used to create the figures in the Alhambra.
Fatih Gelgi has a PhD in computer science. Escher, the Official Website. Desoe, Carol D. Broos, C. Escher: Science and Fiction. In: J. The World of M. New York : Abradale Press, Locher, G. The Work of M. Abbas, Jan S. Escher's Legacy. New York : Springer, O'Connor, J. Maurits Cornelius Escher.
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